Annalisa Monaco
University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
ITALY
Session 21 · DAY 2 (Nov. 6, 2026) · 14:45–15:15 CET
Functional relationships between the stomatognathic and visual systems
Abstract
Clinical evidence and scientific research have demonstrated a close relationship between the function of the stomatognathic system and that of other body systems. Patients affected by temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) frequently present pain and dysfunction extending beyond the stomatognathic region. In particular, structural and functional alterations of the stomatognathic system may influence visual physiology and ocular motility.
The coexistence of refractive errors and disorders of the extraocular muscular system with stomatognathic dysfunctions appears to represent a true comorbidity rather than a mere coincidental finding. Through both clinical and instrumental investigations, it is possible to study the reciprocal influence between these two systems and to demonstrate that appropriate pathogenetic-based treatments—including corrective lenses, orthodontic therapy, and occlusal splints—may positively affect the physiological function of both systems.
In this context, our research and clinical experience suggest that surface electromyography, conventionally used to assess stomatognathic muscle function, represents a valuable tool for investigating the functional relationships between the stomatognathic and visual systems in both healthy individuals and patients with TMDs.
Learning Objectives
- Describe the functional relationships between the stomatognathic and visual systems.
- Identify visual alterations associated with temporomandibular disorders and stomatognathic dysfunctions.
- Understand the role of surface electromyography in the assessment of stomatognathic–visual interactions.
Biography
Professor Annalisa Monaco graduated in Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics from the University of L’Aquila in 1988 and completed her specialization in Orthodontics at the Second University of Naples in 1992.
She has been Full Professor of Oral and Dental Diseases at the University of L’Aquila since 2019 and, since 2021, has served as Chair of the Master’s Degree Program in Dentistry and Dental Prosthetics. She teaches Orthodontics and Gnathology and has been Head of the Temporomandibular Disorders Unit at the University Dental Clinic since 1999.
Her clinical activity has been primarily devoted to orthodontics and the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Her research focuses on the electromyographic and kinesiographic evaluation of the stomatognathic system, the functional and dysfunctional relationships between the stomatognathic system and other physiological systems, and the association between occlusion and temporomandibular disorders.
Professor Monaco is the author of more than 150 peer-reviewed international publications and several monographs. She has been an invited speaker at numerous national and international scientific conferences and congresses.